Pioneering women
September 2007 - Cindy Boykin
North Texas History Center exhibit recognizes that one thing hasn’t changed much ... a woman’s work is never done
Running the vacuum and loading the dishwasher are chores few of us like, but it’s a far better gig than our pioneering sisters endured. They worked their fingers to the bone sewing and hand washing their families’ clothes, cooking, cleaning, gardening, canning ... no wonder women in turn-of-the-century photos are rarely smiling.
Sarah Hatcher, Curator of Education for the North Texas History Center in McKinney, has great insight into these pioneering souls. Families from the east – primarily Kentucky, Tennessee and a few families from the Carolinas – trekked to North Texas to make a living. Land here was fertile, plentiful and cheap, even free in some cases. New towns were in need of doctors, store owners, school teachers, and farmers. So they came.
“People don’t think about Texas as being part of the Wagon Trail,” Sarah said. “They usually think of Oregon or California as part of that westward travel, but they also came here in wagons.
“The wagons could carry about 2,000 pounds worth of household goods – that was the cutoff for what the oxen and horse teams could pull. They had to make some hard choices as to what they would bring with them.”
Once here, erecting shelter was of primary importance. In the mid- to late-1800s, wood houses called “dog trots” were quite popular. These houses were designed to allow maximum airflow to circulate during the scorching days of Texas summers. Often, two big rooms would be built on either side of a covered breezeway running through the house.
Fireplaces were often built in each room. Some rooms had windows, some did not. Because glass was so expensive, enclosed windows were not common to many houses; instead, wood shutters would be used to cover the openings. Long porches and shade trees provided the coolest seating.
What “conveniences” did the women have to help in their housework? “The sewing machine was huge. This particular model is from 1900,” Sarah said, pointing to a sewing machine in the museum display case.
“There’s a fantastic letter from a woman named Kathryn Coit (of the Coit Road family). It was written in 1858, just before the Civil War, to her Aunt Henrietta in South Carolina asking if it was worth her time and money to buy a sewing machine. Her aunt wrote back saying, “Yes!”
Keeping clothes clean was another big job, one aided through the years by machinery. Pioneer women were accustomed to washing clothes on streamside rocks and later washboards. But around the turn of the century, simple washing machines were introduced. Large metal basins held the water throughout the wash process. Then the wringer mangle (rollers) extracted the water from the clothes as they were fed through to the other side.
Ironing was another labor-intensive chore. Common to most households was the heavy little black iron with a wooden handle. To use, the iron would be placed directly on a heat source such as the stove or on glowing coals in a fireplace. Some women had two irons. While one was in use, the other could be heating.
The Sad Iron was invented by Mary Potts in 1871. A removable handle exposed a water well inside the iron. By pouring boiling water into the iron, it would stay hot longer.
Talk about hot – those cast iron stoves were surprisingly low to the ground and dangerously hot to the touch. They were fueled by wood, coal, or cow chips if that’s all they had. Two “burners” were common, as were tall round pots, or kettles, used for soup, heating water, and making stock. Dutch ovens were also in constant use.
Sarah said that it is anecdotal history rather than documented fact, but she has been told that young children, age 7 to 8 years old, would be given the chore of keeping the younger ones away from the hot stove.
“Another oral history I read said that all babies, boys or girls, were dressed in long gowns in part because the gown slowed them down when they were trying to crawl and you had something to tether them with,” she said, mimicking a stomp on the hem. “There are still days that a tether sounds like a mighty fine idea!”
In the late 1800s, electricity and telephone lines began to transform towns. Museum placards record, “On May 1, 1889, McKinney became the first city in the county to receive electric street lights.” The first telephone was installed in 1878, but that was only one line that communicated between the local hotel and the train depot. The first exchange wasn’t installed until several years later.
This month, on September 29, the North Texas History Center is celebrating their Silver & Gold Anniversary Gala. Gold because this marks the 50th anniversary of the organization of the historical society; silver because this is the 25th anniversary of the museum.
The gala, which will be held at Plano Centre, will include cocktails and a silent auction at 7 p.m.; dinner at 8 p.m.; and dancing from 9 - 11 p.m. Special guest and keynote speaker Congressman Sam Johnson will share his memories of living in and serving Collin County.
The museum is located on 300 East Virginia in McKinney. For more information, visit www.northtexashistorycenter.org or call 972-542-9457.
Labels: North Texas History Center, plano, plano community, plano museums, plano real estate, successful women, women